Functions for adding instructions to a program. More...

Register-Register Arithmetic Instructions
t_instruction *	genADD (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSUB (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genAND (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genOR (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genXOR (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genMUL (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genDIV (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genREM (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSLL (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSRL (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSRA (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

Register-Constant Arithmetic Instructions
t_instruction *	genADDI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSUBI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genANDI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genORI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genXORI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genMULI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genDIVI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genREMI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSLLI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSRLI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSRAI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

Register-Register Comparison Instructions
t_instruction *	genSEQ (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSNE (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSLT (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSLTU (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSGE (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSGEU (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSGT (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSGTU (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSLE (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

t_instruction *	genSLEU (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2)

Register-Constant Comparison Instructions
t_instruction *	genSEQI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSNEI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSLTI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSLTIU (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSGEI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSGEIU (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSGTI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSGTIU (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSLEI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genSLEIU (t_program *program, t_regID rd, t_regID rs1, int immediate)

Jump and Branch Instructions
t_instruction *	genJ (t_program program, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBEQ (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBNE (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBLT (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBLTU (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBGE (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBGEU (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBGT (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBGTU (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBLE (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genBLEU (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_regID rs2, t_label label)

Memory Load/Store Instructions
t_instruction *	genLI (t_program *program, t_regID rd, int immediate)

t_instruction *	genLA (t_program program, t_regID rd, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genLW (t_program *program, t_regID rd, int immediate, t_regID rs1)

t_instruction *	genSW (t_program *program, t_regID rs2, int immediate, t_regID rs1)

t_instruction *	genLWGlobal (t_program program, t_regID rd, t_label label)

t_instruction *	genSWGlobal (t_program program, t_regID rs1, t_label label, t_regID rtemp)

Variable/array accesses
t_regID	genLoadVariable (t_program program, t_symbol var)

void	genStoreRegisterToVariable (t_program program, t_symbol var, t_regID reg)

void	genStoreConstantToVariable (t_program program, t_symbol var, int val)

t_regID	genLoadArrayElement (t_program program, t_symbol array, t_regID rIdx)

void	genStoreRegisterToArrayElement (t_program program, t_symbol array, t_regID rIdx, t_regID rVal)

void	genStoreConstantToArrayElement (t_program program, t_symbol array, t_regID rIdx, int val)

System Calls
t_instruction *	genExit0Syscall (t_program *program)

t_instruction *	genReadIntSyscall (t_program *program, t_regID rd)

t_instruction *	genPrintIntSyscall (t_program *program, t_regID rs1)

t_instruction *	genPrintCharSyscall (t_program *program, t_regID rs1)

Other Instructions
t_instruction *	genNOP (t_program *program)

t_instruction *	genECALL (t_program *program)

t_instruction *	genEBREAK (t_program *program)

Detailed Description

Functions for adding instructions to a program.

In ACSE, the semantic actions in the parser directly translate the source code into intermediate assembly by appending new instructions inside the 'program' structure. The functions defined here are helpers that add a specific instruction code with given parameters to the end of the program.

Function Documentation

◆ genADD()

t_instruction * genADD	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new ADD instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an ADD instruction sums the values in the two source registers, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (first addend).
rs2	Identifier of the second source register (second addend).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genADDI()

t_instruction * genADDI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new ADDI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an ADDI instruction sums the values in the source register with a constant, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (first addend).
immediate	The constant operand (second addend).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genAND()

t_instruction * genAND	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new AND instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an AND instruction computes the bitwise AND (&) of the values in the source registers, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genANDI()

t_instruction * genANDI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new ANDI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an ANDI instruction computes the bitwise AND (&) of the value in the source register and a constant, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list

◆ genBEQ()

t_instruction * genBEQ	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BEQ instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BEQ instruction branches to the given label if and only if the two source registers are equal.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genBGE()

t_instruction * genBGE	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BGE instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BGE instruction branches to the given label if and only if the value in the first source register is greater or equal than the value in the second source register (src1 >= src2). The source registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genBGEU()

t_instruction * genBGEU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BGEU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BGEU instruction branches to the given label if and only if the value in the first source register is greater or equal than the value in the second source register (src1 >= src2). The source registers are assumed to contain unsigned integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genBGT()

t_instruction * genBGT	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BGT instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BGT instruction branches to the given label if and only if the value in the first source register is greater than the value in the second source register (src1 > src2). The source registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genBGTU()

t_instruction * genBGTU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BGTU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BGTU instruction branches to the given label if and only if the value in the first source register is greater than the value in the second source register (src1 > src2). The source registers are assumed to contain unsigned integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genBLE()

t_instruction * genBLE	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BLE instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BLE instruction branches to the given label if and only if the value in the first source register is lesser or equal than the value in the second source register (src1 <= src2). The source registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genBLEU()

t_instruction * genBLEU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BLE instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BLE instruction branches to the given label if and only if the value in the first source register is lesser or equal than the value in the second source register (src1 <= src2). The source registers are assumed to contain unsigned integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genBLT()

t_instruction * genBLT	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BLT instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BLT instruction branches to the given label if and only if the value in the first source register is less than the value in the second source register (src1 < src2). The source registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genBLTU()

t_instruction * genBLTU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BLTU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BLTU instruction branches to the given label if and only if the value in the first source register is less than the value in the second source register (src1 < src2). The source registers are assumed to contain unsigned integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genBNE()

t_instruction * genBNE	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new BNE instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a BNE instruction branches to the given label if and only if the two source registers are not equal.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genDIV()

t_instruction * genDIV	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new DIV instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a DIV instruction divides the value in the first source register with the value in the second source register, and places the result in the destination register. All the registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (dividend).
rs2	Identifier of the second source register (divisor).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genDIVI()

t_instruction * genDIVI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new DIVI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a DIVI instruction divides the value in the first source register with a signed integer constant, and places the result in the destination register. The source register is assumed to contain a signed integer.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (dividend).
immediate	The constant operand (divisor).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genEBREAK()

t_instruction * genEBREAK ( t_program * program )

Add a new EBREAK instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a EBREAK instruction temporarily stops program execution for debugging purposes.

Parameters

program The program where the instruction will be added

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list

Note: This function is only used internally by the target-specific transformation pass, it is not useful outside of that context.

◆ genECALL()

t_instruction * genECALL ( t_program * program )

Add a new ECALL instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a ECALL instruction temporarily transfers program control to a supervisor or operating system.

Parameters

program The program where the instruction will be added

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list

Note: This function is only used internally by the target-specific transformation pass, it is not useful outside of that context.

◆ genExit0Syscall()

t_instruction * genExit0Syscall ( t_program * program )

Add a new Exit0 syscall instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, this instruction terminates the program with an exit code of zero.

Parameters

program The program where the instruction will be added.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

Note: During the target-specific transformation passes, ACSE replaces syscall instructions with a sequence of lower-level instructions that use ECALL to transfer control to the supervisor/operating system.

◆ genJ()

t_instruction * genJ	(	t_program *	program,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new J instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a J instruction unconditionally transfers the control flow to the instruction identified by a given label (in brief, jumps or branches to the label).

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
label	The label where to jump at runtime.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genLA()

t_instruction * genLA	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new LA instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a LA instruction loads the address specified by a label into the destination register

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
label	The label whose address needs to be loaded.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genLI()

t_instruction * genLI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		int	immediate )

Add a new LI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a LI instruction loads a specified constant in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
immediate	The constant to load.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genLoadArrayElement()

t_regID genLoadArrayElement	(	t_program *	program,
		t_symbol *	array,
		t_regID	rIdx )

Generate instructions that load the content of an array element into a register.

Parameters

program	The program where the array belongs.
array	The symbol object that refers to the array.
rIdx	The identifier of the register that will contain the index into the array.

Returns: The identifier of the register that (at runtime) will contain the value of the array element loaded from memory.

◆ genLoadVariable()

t_regID genLoadVariable	(	t_program *	program,
		t_symbol *	var )

Generate instructions that load the content of a scalar variable into a register.

Parameters

program	The program where the variable belongs.
var	The symbol object that refers to the variable.

Returns: The identifier of the register that (at runtime) will contain the value of the variable loaded from memory.

◆ genLW()

t_instruction * genLW	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		int	immediate,
		t_regID	rs1 )

Add a new LW instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a LW instruction loads a 32-bit word stored in memory at the address specified by the source register plus an offset given by a constant (thus the address is rs1 + immediate). The loaded value is put into the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
immediate	The constant operand (address offset).
rs1	Identifier of the source register (base address).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genLWGlobal()

t_instruction * genLWGlobal	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_label *	label )

Add a new "global LW" instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a "global LW" instruction loads a 32-bit word at the address specified by a label to the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
label	The label (points to a 32-bit word).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genMUL()

t_instruction * genMUL	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new MUL instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a MUL instruction multiplies the values in the source registers, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (first factor).
rs2	Identifier of the second source register (second factor).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genMULI()

t_instruction * genMULI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new MULI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a MULI instruction multiplies the value in the source register with a constant, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (first factor).
immediate	The constant operand (second factor).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genNOP()

t_instruction * genNOP ( t_program * program )

Add a new NOP instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a NOP instruction doesn't do anything (apart from incrementing the program counter like any other instruction).

Parameters

program The program where the instruction will be added

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list

◆ genOR()

t_instruction * genOR	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new OR instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an OR instruction computes the bitwise OR (|) of the values in the source registers, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genORI()

t_instruction * genORI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new ORI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an ORI instruction computes the bitwise OR (|) of the value in the source register and a constant, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list

◆ genPrintCharSyscall()

t_instruction * genPrintCharSyscall	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1 )

Add a new PrintChar syscall instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, this instruction writes a character whose ASCII encoding is stored in the source register to the standard output stream.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (ASCII character to print).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

Note: During the target-specific transformation passes, ACSE replaces syscall instructions with a sequence of lower-level instructions that use ECALL to transfer control to the supervisor/operating system.

◆ genPrintIntSyscall()

t_instruction * genPrintIntSyscall	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1 )

Add a new PrintInt syscall instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, this instruction writes the integer currently stored in the source register to the standard output stream.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (integer to print).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

Note: During the target-specific transformation passes, ACSE replaces syscall instructions with a sequence of lower-level instructions that use ECALL to transfer control to the supervisor/operating system.

◆ genReadIntSyscall()

t_instruction * genReadIntSyscall	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd )

Add a new ReadInt syscall instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, this instruction reads an integer from standard input, storing that integer in the given destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

Note: During the target-specific transformation passes, ACSE replaces syscall instructions with a sequence of lower-level instructions that use ECALL to transfer control to the supervisor/operating system.

◆ genREM()

t_instruction * genREM	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new REM instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a REM instruction places the remainder of the division between the first and second source registers in the destination register. All the registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (dividend).
rs2	Identifier of the second source register (divisor).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genREMI()

t_instruction * genREMI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new REMI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a REM instruction places the remainder of the division between the first source register and an immediate in the destination register. All the registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (dividend).
immediate	The constant operand (divisor).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSEQ()

t_instruction * genSEQ	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SEQ instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SEQ instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the values in the source registers are equal (src1 == src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSEQI()

t_instruction * genSEQI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SEQI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SEQI instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is equal to a constant (src1 == immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSGE()

t_instruction * genSGE	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SGE instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SGE instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the first source register is greater or equal than the value in the second source register (src1 >= src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSGEI()

t_instruction * genSGEI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SGEI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SGEI instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is greater or equal than a constant (src1 >= immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source register and the constant are assumed to be signed.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added
rd	Identifier of the destination register
rs1	Identifier of the source register
immediate	The constant operand

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list

◆ genSGEIU()

t_instruction * genSGEIU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SGEIU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SGEIU instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is greater or equal than a constant (src1 >= immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source register and the constant are assumed to be unsigned.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSGEU()

t_instruction * genSGEU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SGEU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SGEU instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the first source register is greater or equal than the value in the second source register (src1 >= src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source registers are assumed to contain unsigned integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSGT()

t_instruction * genSGT	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SGT instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SGT instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the first source register is greater than the value in the second source register (src1 > src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSGTI()

t_instruction * genSGTI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SGTI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SGTI instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is greater than a constant (src1 > immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source register and the constant are assumed to be signed.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSGTIU()

t_instruction * genSGTIU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SGTIU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SGTIU instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is greater than a constant (src1 >= immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source register and the constant are assumed to be unsigned.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSGTU()

t_instruction * genSGTU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SGTU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SGTU instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the first source register is greater than the value in the second source register (src1 > src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source registers are assumed to contain unsigned integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLE()

t_instruction * genSLE	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SLE instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SLE instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the first source register is lesser or equal than the value in the second source register (src1 <= src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLEI()

t_instruction * genSLEI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SLEI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SLEI instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is lesser or equal than a constant (src1 <= immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source register and the constant are assumed to be signed.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLEIU()

t_instruction * genSLEIU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SLEIU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SLEIU instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is lesser or equal than a constant (src1 <= immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source register and the constant are assumed to be unsigned.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLEU()

t_instruction * genSLEU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SLEU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SLEU instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the first source register is lesser or equal than the value in the second source register (src1 <= src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source registers are assumed to contain unsigned integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLL()

t_instruction * genSLL	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SLL instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SLL instruction shifts the binary value in the first source register to the left by the number of places specified by the value of the second source register. The shift amount is modulo 32; in other words, only the 5 least significant bits of the second source register are considered.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (value to shift).
rs2	Identifier of the second source register (shift amount).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLLI()

t_instruction * genSLLI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SLLI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SLLI instruction shifts the binary value in the source register to the left by the number of places specified by a constant amount. The shift amount is modulo 32; in other words, only the 5 least significant bits of the constant are considered.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (value to shift).
immediate	The constant operand (shift amount).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLT()

t_instruction * genSLT	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SLT instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SLT instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the first source register is less than the value in the second source register (src1 < src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source registers are assumed to contain signed integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLTI()

t_instruction * genSLTI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SLTI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SLTI instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is less than a constant (src1 < immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source register and the constant are assumed to be signed.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLTIU()

t_instruction * genSLTIU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SLTIU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SLTIU instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is less than a constant (src1 < immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source register and the constant are assumed to be unsigned.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSLTU()

t_instruction * genSLTU	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SLTU instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SLTU instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the first source register is less than the value in the second source register (src1 < src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero. The source registers are assumed to contain unsigned integers.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSNE()

t_instruction * genSNE	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SNE instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SNE instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the values in the source registers are different (src1 != src2). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSNEI()

t_instruction * genSNEI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SNEI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, an SNEI instruction sets the destination register to 1 if the value in the source register is different from a constant (src1 != immediate). Otherwise, the destination register is set to zero.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSRA()

t_instruction * genSRA	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SRA instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SRA instruction shifts the binary value in the first source register to the right by the number of places specified by the value of the second source register. The shift amount is modulo 32; in other words, only the 5 least significant bits of the second source register are considered. Additionally, the first source register is assumed to contain a signed integer.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (value to shift).
rs2	Identifier of the second source register (shift amount).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSRAI()

t_instruction * genSRAI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SRAI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SRAI instruction shifts the binary value in the source register to the right by the number of places specified by a constant amount. The shift amount is modulo 32; in other words, only the 5 least significant bits of the constant are considered. Additionally, the source register is assumed to contain a signed integer.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (value to shift).
immediate	The constant operand (shift amount).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSRL()

t_instruction * genSRL	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SRL instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SRL instruction shifts the binary value in the first source register to the right by the number of places specified by the value of the second source register. The shift amount is modulo 32; in other words, only the 5 least significant bits of the second source register are considered. Additionally, the first source register is assumed to contain an unsigned integer.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (value to shift).
rs2	Identifier of the second source register (shift amount).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSRLI()

t_instruction * genSRLI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SRLI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SRLI instruction shifts the binary value in the source register to the right by the number of places specified by a constant amount. The shift amount is modulo 32; in other words, only the 5 least significant bits of the constant are considered. Additionally, the source register is assumed to contain an unsigned integer.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (value to shift).
immediate	The constant operand (shift amount).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genStoreConstantToArrayElement()

void genStoreConstantToArrayElement	(	t_program *	program,
		t_symbol *	array,
		t_regID	rIdx,
		int	val )

Generate instructions that store the content of a register into an array element.

Parameters

program	The program where the array belongs.
array	The symbol object that refers to the array.
rIdx	The identifier of the register that will contain the index into the array.
val	The value to be stored.

◆ genStoreConstantToVariable()

void genStoreConstantToVariable	(	t_program *	program,
		t_symbol *	var,
		int	val )

Generate instructions that store a constant into a variable.

Parameters

program	The program where the variable belongs.
var	The symbol object that refers to the variable.
val	The constant value which needs to be assigned.

◆ genStoreRegisterToArrayElement()

void genStoreRegisterToArrayElement	(	t_program *	program,
		t_symbol *	array,
		t_regID	rIdx,
		t_regID	rVal )

Generate instructions that store the content of a register into an array element.

Parameters

program	The program where the array belongs.
array	The symbol object that refers to the array.
rIdx	The identifier of the register that will contain the index into the array.
rVal	The identifier of the register that will contain the value to be stored.

◆ genStoreRegisterToVariable()

void genStoreRegisterToVariable	(	t_program *	program,
		t_symbol *	var,
		t_regID	reg )

Generate instructions that store the content of a register into a variable.

Parameters

program	The program where the variable belongs.
var	The symbol object that refers to the variable.
reg	The register whose value needs to be assigned.

◆ genSUB()

t_instruction * genSUB	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new SUB instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SUB instruction subtracts the value in the second source register from the value in the first source register, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (minuend).
rs2	Identifier of the second source register (subtrahend).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSUBI()

t_instruction * genSUBI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new SUBI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a SUBI instruction subtracts a constant from the value in the source register, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (minuend).
immediate	The constant operand (subtrahend).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genSW()

t_instruction * genSW	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs2,
		int	immediate,
		t_regID	rs1 )

Add a new LW instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a LW instruction stores the 32-bit word contained in the second source register to memory. The destination address is specified by the first source register, plus an offset given by a constant (thus the address is rs1 + immediate).

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register (value to store).
immediate	The constant operand (address offset).
rs1	Identifier of the first source register (base address).

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

Note: The order of the registers in the function signature is inverted with respect to the actual encoding, just like in the assembly listing format as described by the RISC-V specification.

◆ genSWGlobal()

t_instruction * genSWGlobal	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_label *	label,
		t_regID	rtemp )

Add a new "global SW" instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a "global SW" instruction stores the 32-bit word contained in the first source register to the address specified by a label.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rs1	Identifier of the source register (value to store).
label	The label (points to a 32-bit word).
rtemp	Identifier of an otherwise unused register whose value will be modified by the instruction during its operation.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

Note: At assembly time, the "global SW" instruction translates to a sequence of multiple instructions which use rtemp to store the address of the label. This is the reason why rtemp is needed.

◆ genXOR()

t_instruction * genXOR	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		t_regID	rs2 )

Add a new XOR instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a XOR instruction computes the bitwise XOR (^) of the values in the source registers, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the first source register.
rs2	Identifier of the second source register.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

◆ genXORI()

t_instruction * genXORI	(	t_program *	program,
		t_regID	rd,
		t_regID	rs1,
		int	immediate )

Add a new XORI instruction at the end of the instruction list of the specified program. At runtime, a XORI instruction computes the bitwise XOR (^) of the value in the source register and a constant, and places the result in the destination register.

Parameters

program	The program where the instruction will be added.
rd	Identifier of the destination register.
rs1	Identifier of the source register.
immediate	The constant operand.

Returns: the instruction object added to the instruction list.

Register-Register Arithmetic Instructions

Register-Constant Arithmetic Instructions

Register-Register Comparison Instructions

Register-Constant Comparison Instructions

Jump and Branch Instructions

Memory Load/Store Instructions

Variable/array accesses

System Calls

Other Instructions

Detailed Description

Function Documentation

◆ genADD()

◆ genADDI()

◆ genAND()

◆ genANDI()

◆ genBEQ()

◆ genBGE()

◆ genBGEU()

◆ genBGT()

◆ genBGTU()

◆ genBLE()

◆ genBLEU()

◆ genBLT()

◆ genBLTU()

◆ genBNE()

◆ genDIV()

◆ genDIVI()

◆ genEBREAK()

◆ genECALL()

◆ genExit0Syscall()

◆ genJ()

◆ genLA()

◆ genLI()

◆ genLoadArrayElement()

◆ genLoadVariable()

◆ genLW()

◆ genLWGlobal()

◆ genMUL()

◆ genMULI()

◆ genNOP()

◆ genOR()

◆ genORI()

◆ genPrintCharSyscall()

◆ genPrintIntSyscall()

◆ genReadIntSyscall()

◆ genREM()

◆ genREMI()

◆ genSEQ()

◆ genSEQI()

◆ genSGE()

◆ genSGEI()

◆ genSGEIU()

◆ genSGEU()

◆ genSGT()

◆ genSGTI()

◆ genSGTIU()

◆ genSGTU()

◆ genSLE()

◆ genSLEI()

◆ genSLEIU()

◆ genSLEU()

◆ genSLL()

◆ genSLLI()

◆ genSLT()

◆ genSLTI()

◆ genSLTIU()

◆ genSLTU()

◆ genSNE()

◆ genSNEI()

◆ genSRA()

◆ genSRAI()

◆ genSRL()

◆ genSRLI()

◆ genStoreConstantToArrayElement()

◆ genStoreConstantToVariable()

◆ genStoreRegisterToArrayElement()

◆ genStoreRegisterToVariable()

◆ genSUB()

◆ genSUBI()

◆ genSW()